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CIVIL SERVICES

what is civil services?

The term civil service has two distinct meanings:

A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the
basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations.
The body of employees in any government agency other than the military.

A civil servant or public servant
is a civilian public sector employee working for a government
department or agency. The term explicitly excludes the armed services,
although civilian officials will work at "Defence Ministry"
headquarters. The term always includes the (sovereign) state's
employees; whether regional, or sub-state, or even municipal employees
are called "civil servants" varies from country to country. In the
United Kingdom, for instance, only Crown employees are civil servants,
county or city employees are not.

Many consider the study of
civil service to be a part of the field of public administration.
Workers in "non-departmental public bodies" (sometimes called "QUANGOs")
may also be classed as civil servants for the purpose of statistics and
possibly for their terms and conditions. Collectively a state's civil
servants form its Civil Service or Public Service.

No state of any extent can be ruled without a bureaucracy, but
organizations of any size have been few until the modern era.
Administrative institutions usually grow out of the personal servants
of high officials, as in the Roman Empire. This developed a complex
administrative structure, which is outlined in the Notitia Dignitatum
and the work of John Lydus, but as
far as we know appointments to it were made entirely by inheritance or
patronage and not on merit, and it was also possible for officers to
employ other people to carry out their official tasks but continue to
draw their salary themselves. There are obvious parallels here with the
early bureaucratic structures in modern states, such as the Office of
Works or the Navy in 18th century England, where again appointments
depended on patronage and were often bought and sold.

About civil services in india

In india civil servants play vital role in administration of government.

In India, the Civil Services Examination
is a nationwide competitive civil service examination conducted by
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) of India. Candidates wishing to
enter many administrative services of the Indian government must take
the test.civil services is not only IAS , it consists of IPS,IRS AND
OTHER CENTRAL SERVICES.

Process
UPSC Subjects for Preliminary Exam
Subjects for Prelims
UPSC Subjects for Main Exam
Subjects for Mains
External links

Process

The Civil Services Examination is considered one of the most competitive
and rigorous in the world; many candidates seek out public service
careers because of the prestige and relatively high salary and benefits.

The Civil Services Examination is based on the British Raj-era Indian Civil Service.

Candidates must complete a three-phase process, with a success rate of about 0.1 percent of the total applicants:

Phase I: Civil Services Exam (Preliminary) - A qualifying test held in May every year.
Phase II: Civil Services Exam (Main) - Main test, held in October/November every year.
Phase III: Interview - Held in April/May every year.

Final results are announced just before the Civil Services Exam (Preliminary)
of the following year are to be held. In 2006 around 400,000 candidates
applied for fewer than 500 vacancies (of which 50 percent are reserved)
and around 7,500 got through the first phase and appeared in the Mains
exam. To secure a place in the highly sought-after Indian
Administrative Service and Indian Foreign Service, candidates must
secure a rank in the top 50, a success rate of 0.01 percent.

UPSC Subjects for Preliminary Exam

Papers	Details	Marks
Paper - I	General Studies	(150 Marks)
Paper - II	One of the optional subjects to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects	(300 Marks)

Subjects for Prelims

General Studies
Agriculture
Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science
Botany
Chemistry
Civil Engineering
Commerce
Economics
Electrical Engineering
Geography
Geology
Indian History
Law
Mathematics
Mechanical Engineering
Medical Science
Philosophy
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Public Administration
Sociology
Statistics
Zoology

UPSC Subjects for Mains Exam

Papers	Details	Marks
Paper-I	One of the Indian Languages to be selected by the candidate from the 18 languages included in the VIIIth Schedule to the Constitution (Qualifying Paper)	(300 Marks)
Paper-II	English (Qualifying Paper)	(300 Marks)
Paper-III	Essay	(200 Marks)
Papers IV & V	General Studies (300 Marks for each paper)	(600 Marks)
Papers VI, VII, VIII & IX	Any two subjects (each having 2 papers) to be selected from the prescribed optional subjects (300 marks for each paper)	(1200 Marks)